Panel Composition and Demographics
This panel contains 5 µg DNA from 92 unique and unrelated White individuals from idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). These include 31 males and 61 females from the United States. The age of PD onset ranges from 39 to 84 years. This was defined as when symptom(s) of PD were first noted (including at least one: resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesis, gait disorder, postural instability). NDPT085 replaces NDPT007 and it has all of the same samples, except: ND01005 replaces ND01060; ND14115 replaces ND05074; ND09856 replaces ND05841; ND03611 replaces ND01607; and ND05189 replaces ND01507.

Panel Design
The concentration of each DNA sample to be plated is normalized and then this concentration is verified. The specific position on the plates has been optimized to reduce any possible errors in sample identity during the genotyping process. Four wells remain empty for control samples. The phenotypic details of any single subject can be viewed from the panel members by clicking on the individual ID number. In order for subject inclusion, complete NINDS Repository Clinical Data Elements (CDEs) were required. Furthermore, only subjects who met the UK Brain Bank Criteria idiopathic Parkinson's disease were included (Hughes AJ, Daniel SE, Kilford L, Lees AJ. Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. A clinico-pathological study of 100 cases. JNNP 1992;55:181-184).By those criteria, all subjects had bradykinesia, and at least one of the following: 1) muscular rigidity; 2) 4-6 Hz resting tremor; 3) postural instability (not caused by primary visual, vestibular, cerebellar, or proprioceptive dysfunction). None had exclusionary features. All had documentation of sustained, excellent response to anti-parkinsonian therapy.

Family history
All subjects were queried regarding family history of parkinsonism, dementia, tremor, gait disorders, and other neurological dycfunction. Subjects both with and without a reported family history of Parkinson's disease were included on this panel. None were included who had three or more relatives with parkinsonism, nor with apparent Mendelian inheritance of PD. Additional family history data are available by viewing the excel file containing all the clinical data.

Publications
Please cite the panel number and the NINDS repository in any publications, and share those references with the NINDS Repository Management Team at Coriell (NINDS@Coriell.org). Portions or all of this statement may be used in publications relevant to this panel.

Other Samples, Positive Controls
Samples which may be useful as controls for this panel are additionally available via the NINDS Repository catalog. Note that positive controls for synuclein triplication and parkin mutation as well as individuals without Parkinson's or other neurological disease are available.