add |
additional material of unknown origin |
approximate sign (~) |
denotes intervals and boundaries of a chromosome segment or number of chromosomes, fragments, or markers; denotes a range of number of copies of a chromosomal region when the exact number cannot be determined |
arr |
microarray |
arrow (-> or →) |
from - to, in detailed system |
brackets, square ([ ]) |
surround number of cells or genome build |
cen |
centromere |
cgh |
comparative genomic hybridization |
chr |
chromosome |
cht |
chromatid |
colon, single (:) |
break, in detailed system |
colon, double (::) |
break and reunion, in detailed system |
comma (,) |
separates chromosome numbers, sex chromosomes, and chromosome abnormalities, seperates locus designations |
cp |
composite karyotype |
decimal point (.) |
denotes sub-bands |
del |
deletion |
der |
derivative chromosome |
dic |
dicentric |
dn |
designates a chromosome abnormality that has not been inherited (de novo) |
dup |
duplication |
fra |
fragile site |
h |
heterochromatin, constitutive |
hmz |
homozygous, homozygosity; used when one or two copies of a genome are detected, but previous, known heterozygosity has been reduced to homozygosity through a variety of mechanisms, e.g. loss of heterozygosity (LOH) |
hsr |
homogeneously staining region |
htz |
heterozygous, heterozygosity |
i |
isochromosome |
idic |
isodicentric chromosome |
ins |
insertion |
inv |
inversion |
mar |
marker chromosome |
mat |
maternal origin |
mos |
mosaic |
p |
short arm of chromosome |
parentheses ( ) |
surround structurally altered chromosomes and breakpoints; surround chromosome numbers, X, and Y in normal and abnormal results; surround coordinates (or nucleotide positions) in abnormal result |
pat |
paternal origin |
ps |
satellited short arm of chromosome |
pter |
terminal end of the short arm |
q |
long arm of chromosome |
qter |
terminal end of the long arm |
question mark (?) |
questionable identification of a chromosome or chromosome structure |
r |
ring chromosome |
rec |
recombinant chromosome |
rob |
robertsinian translocation |
s |
satellite |
sce |
sister chromatid exchange |
sdl |
sideline |
seq |
sequencing |
slant line, single (/) |
separates clones, or contiguous probes |
stk |
satellite stalk |
subtel |
subtelomeric region |
t |
translocation |
tas |
telomeric association |
ter |
terminal (end of chromsome) or telomere |
upd |
uniparental disomy |
var |
variant or variable region |
minus sign (-) |
loss; decrease in length; locus absent from a specific chromosome |
plus sign, single (+) |
additional normal or abnormal chromosomes; increase in length locus present on a specific chromosome |
plus sign, double (++) |
two hybridization signals or hybridization regions on a specific chromosome |
multiplication sign (x) |
multiple copies of rearranged chromosomes; designates aberrant polyploidy clones in neoplasias; with number to indicate number of signals seen; multiple copies of a chromosome or chromosomal region |
period (.) |
separates various techniques |
semicolon (;) |
separates altered chromosomes and breakpoints in structural rearrangements involving more than one chromosome; seperates probes on different derivative chromosomes |
FISH |
fluorescence in situ hybridization |
ish |
in situ hybridization; when used without a prefix applies to metaphase or prometaphase chromosomes of dividing cells |
wcp |
whole chromosome paint |